Providing Support to Transgender Students On Campus Essay

As support for the LGBT population arises across the United States, colleges and universities have responded by creating positive spaces and environments for students. However, in some cases, not all populations are served adequately. A population specifically, transgender students, sometimes do not receive the same support gay, lesbian and bisexual students receive. An issue facing LGBT Services at DePauw University is providing adequate services to transgender students. Providing educational programming, gender neutral restrooms, faculty education, and counseling for transgender students could increase support for students who identify as transgender. Review of Literature Currently, there is not considerable empirical research about†¦show more content†¦The students in Pusch’s (2005) study had both positive and negative reactions about their identity and beginning to transition. The reactions the participants had impacted their identity as a person in college (Pusch, 2005). Disapproval by others. Krista, a male-to-female student is consistently met with her parents reinforcing her birth gender (Pusch, 2005). In addition, on campus, Krista is enrolled as a male and resides on a male floor in a residence hall. Her daily life on campus is disconcerting and faces constant alienation (Pusch, 2005). Mary, an age 21 female also has the same feelings as Krista. However, Mary, who is pre-transitioning, attends community college, and lives at home with her parents after leaving a university for academic reasons. In her home, she faces denial by her parents and does not live as her self-identified gender (Pusch, 2005). The disapproval and alienation Krista and Mary are faced with occur on college campuses and to college age students. Supported by others. When a transgender person comes out having support is key in gaining self-confidence. Oberan, a participant in the study, discussed how he always felt the most supported when people would forget he was trans (Pusch, 2005). Since Oberan is treated as a male and not transgendered he feels the most support from his peers and family (Pusch, 2005). Oberan also impacted his campusShow MoreRelatedSexual Identity Development1056 Words   |  5 Pagesothers that one is lesbian, gay or bisexual. Developing a personal LGB identity status involves determining for oneself the unique meaning being gay lesbian or bisexual will have in one’s life. Developing an LGB social identity consists of creating a support network of people who know and accept one’s sexual orientation. Becoming an LGB offspring involves disclosing one’s identity to parents and redefining one’s relationship after such disclosure. Developing an LGB intimacy status is the proce ss of establishingRead MoreUnderstanding The Terminology Of The Lgbt Community2206 Words   |  9 Pagesa valid identity (Huegel, 2011). The last word in the acronym is Transgender. Transgender is also another term that has to be broken down for individuals to fully understand. Transgender is defined as â€Å"people who have feelings of being a different gender from their physical anatomies,† (Huegel, 2011, p.9). For example, if a child were born as a male he would feel that he should have been born as a girl. People who are transgender my often under go a surgery to â€Å"correct† themselves, however thatRead MoreCare For Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, And Transgenient Care In The Patient1313 Words   |  6 Pageshealthcare for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender patients has significantly increases since the AIDs epidemic that began in the mid-to-late 70s, it is still not where it needs to be. This is apparent from the fact that LGBT youth have a higher risk of atte mpting suicide, lesbians are at higher risk of developing cancers, especially breast cancer; and gay men and transgender individuals are at higher risk of HIV and other STDs (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health). As a member of the LGBT+Read MoreAgency Practice Model Paper : Agency3627 Words   |  15 PagesResource Center The GLBTQ2A Resource Center located in the Lory Student Center (LSC), is geared towards serving the LGBTQ population on campus. More specifically, the mission of the Resource Center according to their website is to: †¦support and affirm the diverse identities and lives of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning (LGBTQ), Two-Spirit, and same gender loving people as individuals and as groups, especially as students, staff, and faculty of CSU and their families, friends, andRead MoreI Became A Chinese American Mother Essay1454 Words   |  6 PagesAfter coming out as transgender, I was kicked out of my parents’ home during high school and got to learn first-hand how difficult it is to survive in a world that was not ready for a homeless, poor, disabled, queer and trans person of color. Luckily, I was able to make it into university, but because my parents are no longer in contact with me, I cannot get financial aid like most other students. Additionally, I have nowhere to go during school holidays because I rely on on-campus housing for shelterRead MoreThe Values Of Hard Work, Family Unity, And Frugalness Have Shaped My Family1996 Words   |  8 Pagesinstilled in me. The value of providing for one’s family with meager financial resources has influenced my spending as an adult. My mother rarely purchases an item at the full price. We both use coupons and save money for bigger expenses. This value somewhat contradicts the adoption principle. Some biological parents place their children with families who can better provide for them financially. Even though my passion for adoption differs from my family’s view of providing for one’s own family, it alignsRead MoreStages Group Planning Paper : Adolescent Gay Straight Adolescent Alliance Group3376 Words   |  14 Pages1970’s. Adolescents identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) or align within the context of this spectrum have been victims of bullying, discrimination, prejudice, persecution, and hate within the school system. For one decade, between 1999 and 2009, the Gay, Lesbian, and Straight Education Network (GLSEN) in the United States asking students to describe their high school milieu. According to the findings, 61% of LGBT students feel unsafe, 72% report hearing degrading comments, 85%Read MoreLgbt19540 Words   |  79 PagesWhat Is LGBT? LGBT stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender and along with heterosexual they describe peoples sexual orientation or gender identity. These terms are explained in more detail here. Lesbian A lesbian woman is one who is romantically, sexually and/or emotionally attracted to women. Many lesbians prefer to be called lesbian rather than gay. Gay A gay man is one who is romantically, sexually and/or emotionally attracted to men. The word gay can be used to refer generallyRead MoreHow Homelessness Is A Condition That Negatively Affects A Large Number Of People Essay2414 Words   |  10 Pagesways. Rori usually starts his day at the gym where he works out and showers. Like many others, he uses public transportation to get to work..He has gotten used to living that way, he compares his living situation to when he used to live in a college campus where there were 4 people living in a small dorm and doesn’t think is much different. Plus, he likes the fact that he can move around driving the trailer to different places since there are a certain set of rules that he follows to avoid street parkingRead MoreGoogle Case Studies- Hrm3612 Words   |  15 Pagestechnology industry, but is also known for innovative human resources (HR) policies. Google is an icon of success among Internet companies. A survey conducted by Business Week magazine showed that Google was the most sought after company by college students, MBAs, women, engineers, and diverse individuals. As of 2008, Google receives an average of 3000 resumes a day (estimated 1.1 million a year) for an average of only 4000 available jobs a year. Google offers benefits that no other companies offer

Story From Fairy Tale And Fantasy Ever Told - 942 Words

Cauldron of Story: From Rapunzel to Tangled The Cauldron of Story is, in simplistic terms, a metaphor used to symbolise the interconnection of all story. The concept is that every myth, fairy-tale and fantasy ever told is both contained in and drawn from the Cauldron. Therefore, all story created is a combination of the framework and themes of previously told tales, which have then been flavoured and adapted by the new teller. The tellers borrow the parts they want, then they sculpt and shape them to fit their own vision. By doing this they change the flavour of the Cauldron, creating an entirely new story, while retaining some of the themes and frameworks from others. Each time this is done, myths, fairy-tales and fantasies become more intertwined, creating a visible intersection between all story ever told over the ages. Though the idea of a metaphorical cauldron or soup was originally mentioned in Dasent’s ‘Popular Tales from the Norse’, the concept wasn’t fully fleshed out into the Cauldron of Ta le until Tolkien’s essay, ‘On Faerie-Stories’. According to Dickerson and O’Hara, in his essay Tolkien also refers to the Cauldron as a ‘soup containing bones’ (112). In this re-wording of the Cauldron, the bones are the framework and themes of previous tales, and the soup is the teller’s adaptation of the story in its entirety. The concept of ‘The Cauldron of Story’ can be explained in more detail by using the example of Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm’s story ‘Rapunzel’ (1857)Show MoreRelatedFairy Tales by Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm1359 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Fairy tales were a big part of my childhood. I started my research on fairy tales written by Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm. Fairy tales often have a character that goes on a journey or an adventure. During his journey he encounters mystical beings that help or hurt the characters success. When I was a child, my grandparents would tell my sister and I stories like â€Å"Jack and the Bean Stalk† and â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood†. My grandfather would always act out the part of the wolf or the giant,Read MoreSnow White Essay1416 Words   |  6 Pagescreated an empire of fantasies, dreams, and magical adventures, but the true magic is the power Disney has to instill these fantasies and dreams into children’s minds. Of course, these fantasies are not always realistic. The easily impressionable thoughts and ideas of the children can be easily altered in their most susceptible time of life to believe these extravagant fantasies. The particular fantasy that is most often pre sented is the one of every story ending â€Å"happily ever after†, which usuallyRead MoreThe Tale Of Fairy Tales1125 Words   |  5 Pages‘Once upon a time’ is perhaps days when it was one of our hobbies to read fairy tales as a part of our daily routine. These fairy tales took us to the world of fantasy, happiness, sorrow, dilemma and we had the very tendency to fantasise these characters to be real. These tales had a happy conclusion where good inevitably wins over the evil with a happy ending; and ending lines mostly happened to be ‘and they happily lived ever after’. These endings justified the human sense of justice when good overpowersRead MoreGrimms Fairy Tales1300 Words   |  6 Pagesto research the genre of fairy tales, specifically the ones written and told by the Grimm brothers. Fairy tales took shape in sixteenth century Italy as literature for adults. They are known to be children’s stories about magical and imaginary beings in wonderful lands. They can also be described as a fabricated story, especially one intended to deceive the mind. It typically features European fantasy characters. The characters may be distinguished from other folk tales such as legends. TheyRead MoreThe Grimm Brothers: Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm1571 Words   |  7 Pagesbrothers. Fairytales are short stories that tend to consist of fantasy people, places, and objects. Many of these consist of fairies or magical creatures. Most fairy tales start off with â€Å"Once upon a time†, or â€Å"In a faraway land†. Many times in fairytales objects are enchanted and can talk or move. The most common characters in a fairy tale are prince and princess. A lot of fairy tales are retold throughout generations. As a child I was told fairy tales as bedtime stories. I grew to love Disney moviesRead Moreeffects fairy tales have on human life1205 Words   |  5 Pages161 4 October 2013 Effects Fairy Tales Have on Human Life Fairy tales have been around for many generations and for as long as we can remember, they were always told to us right before bed. They were the stories we use to be so anxious for even after hearing them over and over again. Fairy tales have affected human life in many aspects, and people refer back to their childhood days and imagination based off fairy tales without really realizing the fact that fairy tales developed their way of thinkingRead MoreEssay on Fairy Tales: Changing with the Culture and Community1693 Words   |  7 Pagesliterary genre commonly know as fairy tales. They were mystical and wonderful and a child’s fantasy. These fairy tales were drastically misunderstood throughout many centuries, however. They endured a hard life of constant changing and editing to fit what the people of that time wanted. People of our own time are responsible for some of the radical changes endured by this undeserved genre. Now, these fairy tales had a young friend named Belle. Belle thought she knew fairy tales very well, but one day sheRead MoreInfluence Of The Grimm Brothers Fairy Tales Essay1734 Words   |  7 PagesThe Influence of the Grimm Brother’s Fairy Tales in Modern Society Imagine a young girl playing â€Å"dress up† in reenacting her favorite fairy tales such as Cinderella, who marries the prince who rediscovers her by her small shoe size because of this plot they lived â€Å"Happily Ever After†. However, not all fairy tales are innocent like Walt Disney created them to be for modern society. In fact, most original fairy tales have gruesome and tragic plots such as the Gimms Brothers version of Cinderella.Read MoreFairy Tales By Arthur Schlesinger907 Words   |  4 PagesFairy tales is the term also used to describe something adored with unusual happiness, like â€Å"fairy tale ending† a happing ending or â€Å"fairy tale romance†, though not all fairy tale as a happy ending. A fairy tales is a type of short story that consistently features European folkloric fantasy characters, such as dwarves, elves, fairies, giants, gnomes, goblins, mermaids, trolls, or witches, and usually magic or enchantments. Fairy Tale Fairy tales may be acclaimed from other folk narratives such asRead MoreChildrens Literature Midterm Essay785 Words   |  4 PagesWhich subcategory of fairy tales most frequently uses animals as characters? Trickster tales 4. Which category of traditional literature is also considered poetry? Ballads 5. Which book was the FIRST significant fantasy novel ever published? Black Beauty 6. Tall tales originated in the U.S. 7. Type IV animal fantasy (told though animals’ viewpoint) will always have: real world setting 8. The Caldecott medal is awarded annually to: illustrator///United States 9. Which story is a classic example

Nicu Nursing Care Plan Free Essays

A  Neonatal Intensive Care Unit  (NICU) is an  intensive care unit  specializing in the care of ill or  premature  newborn  infants. Neonates who need to go to the unit are often admitted within the first 24 hours after birth. Newborns may be sent to the NICU if: †¢ they’re born  prematurely †¢ difficulties occur during their delivery †¢ they show signs of a problem in the first few days of life (sepsis/infection, congenital defects, cardiac / respiratory abnormalities, low birth weight) NICU EQUIPMENT: †¢ BLOOD PRESSURE MONITOR  may be a smaller version of the blood pressure cuff used  on older children and adults. We will write a custom essay sample on Nicu Nursing Care Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Or  an  ARTERIAL CATHETER  (tiny tube inserted in an artery) may be used to monitor blood pressure. †¢ CARDIORESPIRATORY MONITOR  keeps track of the baby’s heartbeat and breathing †¢ CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) machine  delivers air or oxygen through tubes in the nostrils. It uses low, continuous pressure to keep the lungs inflated. †¢ ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE (ETT)   used with a respirator or ventilator to send air directly to the lungs. †¢ FEEDING TUBE (ALSO CALLED A GAVAGE TUBE) †¢ INCUBATOR used when newborn is relatively stable but still premature or requiring intravenous fluids or other special attention. The incubator keeps the newborn warm with moistened air in a clean environment, and helps to protect the baby from noise, drafts, infection, and excess handling †¢ INTRAVENOUS LINE (IV) †¢ PERIPHERALLY INSERTED CENTRAL CATHETER (PICC) OR A PERCUTANEOUS CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER (PCVC)  may be inserted in a central (large) vein. This catheter is used to give the fluids, nutrition, and medication. †¢ PHOTOTHERAPY LIGHTS, OR â€Å"BILI LIGHTS,† are used when neonates have jaundice †¢ PULSE OXIMETER  measures the level of oxygen in the baby’s blood. It’s attached to the skin with a sensor taped to the baby’s hand or foot. It works by shining a light through the baby’s hand or foot RADIANT WARMERS used for very unstable or extremely premature newborns †¢ RESPIRATOR OR VENTILATOR   used to help the baby breathe. These machines are attached to an ETT. †¢ TEMPERATURE PROBE †¢ UMBILICAL ARTERIAL CATHETER (UAC) OR UMBILICAL VENOUS CATHETER (UVC)- catheter is placed in the artery or vein at the stump of the umbilical cord. It’s used to give the medications, fluids, and nutrition. It’s also used to draw blood for lab tests. WEIGHING SCALE COMMON NICU TESTS: †¢ help determine the neonate’s problems and how they should be treated †¢ monitor newborn’s progress. If the neonate needs a major test, the doctor will ask the parents or legal guardian to sign a consent form before the test is done. BLOOD TESTS-provide crucial information on the potential and present probl ems of the neonate †¢ Bilirubin levels, blood sugar, blood chemistry, electrolytes, CBC, blood C/S, blood gas COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CAT OR CT SCAN)-produce a more precise image of tissue than an X-ray or ultrasound examination. ECHOCARDIOGRAM- detects structural problems (heart defects) and problems with how the heart works. HEARING TEST-A tiny earphone will be placed in her ear to deliver sound. Small sensors, which are taped to the baby’s head, will relay information to a machine that measures the electrical activity in her brain in response to sound. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)-The MRI gives a more detailed view than a CT scan NEWBORN SCREENING TEST- tests babies for serious hereditary disorders. RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY (ROP) EXAMINATION-This test usually is done for newborns born at or before 28 weeks of gestation or weighing less than 1,500 grams (3 1/3 pounds). The test is generally performed about 4 to 6 weeks after birth, or when your newborn reaches 31 to 33 weeks gestational age (weeks since the mother’s last menstrual period). ULTRASOUND-routine test to diagnose bleeding in the brain. URINE TESTS- determine how well the kidneys are functioning, and whether neonate has an infection. WEIGHING-routine exam, especially for premature and low birth weight newborns X-RAYS- provide pictures of neonate’s lungs and other internal organs. NURSING CARE PLAN: 1. Hyperthermia NDx:  Hyperthermia related to inflammatory process/ hypermetabolic state as evidenced by an increase in body temperature, warm skin and tachycardia 2. Fluid Volume Deficit NDx:  Fluid volume deficit related to failure of regulatory mechanism |Bucayu, Michael | |Cabulay, Lei-Ann Jessica | |Rodriguez, Kristel Angela | |Talosig, Janica Marie | How to cite Nicu Nursing Care Plan, Essay examples

The Hatch Act Of 1939 Essays - 76th United States Congress

The Hatch Act Of 1939 The Hatch Act of 1939 Under Hatch Act of 1939, federal employees, employees of the District of Columbia (D.C.) government, and certain state and local government employees faced significant restrictions on their ability to participate in political activities and placing ceilings on campaign expenditures. The act is named for its author, Senator Carl Atwood Hatch (1889-1963) of New Mexico. (There was an earlier Hatch Act (1887), named for Representative William Henry Hatch (1833-96) of Missouri, concerned the study of scientific agriculture.) The Hatch Act of 1939 passed following several big corruption cases involving the burgeoning post-New Deal bureaucracy, and was aimed at the civil service. But by its terms, it applies to almost anyone on the U.S. government payroll. Only the president, vice president, and appointees requiring Senate confirmation (such as Cabinet secretaries) are exempt. The original Hatch Act forbade government employees to raise funds, give partisan public speeches, or volunteer for any candidate or party. Among its provisions, the Hatch Act prohibited such practices as threatening, intimidating, or coercing voters in national elections; made it illegal for administrators in U.S. civil service to interfere with the nomination and election of candidates to federal office; proscribed the practices of promising and withholding certain kinds of employment and unemployment relief as a reward or punishment for political activity; and prohibited the solicitation of political contributions from relief recipients. Enforcement of the Hatch Act was always erratic, and there was no serious attempt to apply its general ban on politicking to the White House. The Hatch Act was amended in 1940 to put a $5000 ceiling on annual individual contributions to campaigns for any one candidate for election to federal office and to limit the contributions received and expended by political committees to $3 million a year. The purchase of goods or advertising, the proceeds of which would benefit candidates for election to federal office, was prohibited. All provisions of the act relating to federal employees were extended to state employees engaged in any function financed by federal funds. Later statutes, especially those of the 1970s, dealt with the use and limitation of campaign contributions. In 1993, with President Clintons backing, the Hatch Act was amended to allow all these things, so long as they are done outside the workplace and government employees dont exploit their positions for political purposes. The Hatch Act reform permitted more political activity by federal and D.C. government employees andliberalized restrictions on partisan political activities by off-duty federal employees. Further, by Department of Defense (DOD) policy, Presidential appointees confirmed by the Senate and non-career SES members may not engage in actions that could be interpreted as associating the DOD with any partisan political cause or issue. (These amendments did not change the provisions applying to state and local employees.) With the 1993 amendments, many federal employees (including Army civilian employees) are now permitted to take an active part in political management or in political campaigns. However, certain federal agrncies and categories of employees continue to be subject to important restrictions on political activities (including partisan candidacy, solicitation of contributions, and on-duty political activity). The amendment specifically allows employees of the Executive Office of the president to engage in political activity. The law defines political activity to include anything campaign-related--organizing events, planning party strategy--except fund raising, which it completely prohibits. These same limits apply to Cabinet secretaries and all other presidential appointees approved by the Senate. The president's campaign or party must reimburse the government for the use of its offices and resources. The Clinton administration imposed additional Hatch-like regulations on itself. White House employees can work on their political projects only if they put in 40 hours' work over the course of the week on official business. And the White House installed separate phone and fax lines for political work. But these rules are not legally binding. And in practice, such distinctions between official and political White House work are almost meaningless. The following is a list of what federal employees can and cannot do under the amended Hatch Act. ALLOWABLE Be a candidate for public office in nonpartisan elections Register and vote as you choose Assist in voter registration drives Express opinions about candidates

Using the Spanish Auxiliary Verb Haber for the Perfect Tenses

Using the Spanish Auxiliary Verb Haber for the Perfect Tenses Just by learning the conjugation of one verb, you can vastly increase the verb tenses and forms you have available in Spanish. It may come as no surprise that the verb is haber, which is translated as the auxiliary verb to have. As an auxiliary verb, haber in Spanish and to have in English are used to form the perfect tenses. Perfect Tenses Used for Completed Actions No, they arent called the perfect tenses because theyre better than the others. But one meaning of perfect, one we dont see very often today outside of literature, is complete. The perfect verb tenses, then, refer to completed actions (although they arent the only way of referring to completed actions). Contrast two ways of referring to something that happened in the past: He salido (I have left) and estaba saliendo (I was leaving). In the first instance, it is clear that the act described by the verb is completed; its something that was over at a specific time. But in the second case, there is no indication when the departure was completed; in fact, the act of leaving still could be occurring. In both English and Spanish, the perfect tenses are formed by using a form of the verb haber or to have followed by the past participle (el participio in Spanish). In English, the participle typically is formed by adding -ed to verbs; the Spanish participle, which has origins related to the English participle, typically is formed by using the ending of -ado for -ar verbs and -ido for -er and -ir verbs. Numerous irregular forms, such as seen and visto, exist in both languages. Types of Perfect Tenses The tense of the resulting verb depends on which tense of haber is used. Use the present tense of haber to create the present perfect tense, the future tense to create the future perfect tense, and so on. Here are examples of the various tenses using haber salido (to have left) in the first-person singular and unconjugated forms. Present perfect indicative: He salido. I have left.Past perfect indicative (pluperfect): Habà ­a salido. I had left.Preterite perfect indicative: Hube salido. I had left.Future perfect indicative: Habrà © salido. I will have left.Conditional perfect indicative: Habrà ­a salido. I would have left.Present perfect subjunctive: (que) haya salido. (that) I have left.Past perfect subjunctive: (que) hubiera salido. (that) I had left.Perfect infinitive: haber salido (to have left)Perfect gerund: habiendo salido (having left) Note that the preterite perfect indicative tense isnt used much in speech or modern writing. Youre most likely to find it in literature. Note also that when standing alone, the subjunctive forms are indistinguishable in English from the indicative forms. In Spanish, the structure of the sentence, not how the verb is translated into English, will determine when the subjunctive is used. See the lessons on the subjunctive mood for more information on this verb mood. Sample Sentences Using the Perfect Tenses Here are some more involved sample sentences that you can examine to see how the perfect tenses are used. You will notice that they generally are used like the same tenses in English. He comprado un coche nuevo pero no puedo manejarlo. (I have bought a new car but I cant drive it. Present perfect indicative.)El traficante de armas no habà ­a leà ­do a Shakespeare. (The arms trafficker had not read Shakespeare. Past perfect indicative)Si yo hubiera hecho esa pelà ­cula  ¡los crà ­ticos me habrà ­an comido vivo! (If I had made that film, the critics would have eaten me alive! Past perfect subjunctive.)Hoy estoy aquà ­; maà ±ana me habrà © ido. (I am here today; tomorrow I will have gone. Future perfect.)No creo que hayan ganado los Rams. (I dont believe the Rams have won. Present perfect subjunctive.)Querà ­amos que hubieran comido. We wanted them to have eaten. Past perfect subjunctive.)Para morirse bien es importante haber vivido bien. (In order die well it is important to have lived well. Perfect infinitive.)Habiendo visto Bogot en pantalla cientos de veces, creo que nada va a sorprenderme. (Having seen Bogota on a screen hundreds of times, I think not hing is going to surprise me. Perfect gerund.) Key Takeaways Haber is an common auxiliary verb in Spanish that functions as the equivalent of the English have as an auxiliary verb.Haber forms the perfect tenses, which are used similar to the perfect tenses of English and indicate that an action has or will be completed.Perfect tenses can be used in Spanish for the past, present, and future in both the indicative and subjunctive moods.

Bloody Sunday and the Fight for Voting Rights in Selma

Bloody Sunday and the Fight for Voting Rights in Selma On March 7, 1965- the day now known as Bloody Sunday- a group of civil rights activists were brutally attacked by members of law enforcement during a peaceful march across Edmund Pettus Bridge. The activists were attempting to walk 50 miles from Selma, Alabama, to Montgomery, Alabama, to protest voter suppression of African Americans. During the march, local police officers and state troopers beat them with billy clubs and threw tear gas into the crowd. The attack against these peaceful demonstrators- a group that included men, women, and children- sparked outrage and mass protests throughout the United States. Fast Facts: Bloody Sunday What Happened: Civil rights activists were beaten and tear-gassed by law enforcement during a peaceful voting rights march.Date: March 7, 1965Location: Edmund Pettus Bridge, Selma, Alabama How Voter Suppression Led Activists to March During Jim Crow, African Americans in Southern states faced severe voter suppression. In order to exercise their right to vote, a black person may have been required to pay a poll tax or take a literacy test; white voters didn’t face these barriers. In Selma, Alabama, the disenfranchisement of African Americans was a consistent problem. Activists involved with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee were trying to register the citys black residents to vote, but they kept running into roadblocks. When they protested the situation, they were arrested- by the thousands. Making no headway with smaller demonstrations, the activists decided to step up their efforts. In February 1965, they began a voting rights march. However, Alabama Governor George Wallace attempted to suppress the movement by prohibiting nighttime marches in Selma and elsewhere. Wallace was a politician known for being hostile to the Civil Rights Movement, but the demonstrators didn’t call off their collected action in light of his ban on nighttime marches. On February 18, 1965, a demonstration turned deadly when State Trooper James Bonard Fowler fatally shot Jimmie Lee Jackson, a civil rights activist and church deacon. Jackson was killed for intervening when police hit his mother. Losing Jackson was devastating, but his death didn’t stop the movement. Spurred by his killing, activists met and decided to march from Selma to Montgomery, the state capital. Their intention to reach the capitol building was a symbolic gesture, since it was where Gov. Wallace’s office was located. Jimmie Lee Jackson was killed by a state trooper during a voting rights march that inspired the demonstration that took place on Bloody Sunday.   Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images Selma to Montgomery March On March 7, 1965, 600 marchers began making their way from Selma to Montgomery. John Lewis and Hosea Williams led the demonstrators during this action. They called for voting rights for African Americans, but both local policemen and state troopers attacked them on the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma. The authorities used billy clubs to beat the marchers and threw tear gas into the crowd. The aggression caused the marchers to retreat. But footage of the confrontation sparked outrage across the country. Many Americans did not understand why peaceful protesters were met with such hostility from law enforcement. Two days after Bloody Sunday, mass protests unfolded across the nation in solidarity with the marchers. The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. led marchers on a symbolic walk across Edmund Pettus Bridge. But the violence wasn’t over. After Pastor James Reeb arrived in Selma to accompany the marchers, a mob of white men beat him so badly that he sustained life-threatening injuries. He died two days later. Two days after the events of Bloody Sunday, other demonstrators set out to make the march from Selma, Alabama, to Montgomery, Alabama. Bettmann/Getty Images Following Reeb’s death, the U.S. Justice Department requested an order to stop the state of Alabama from retaliating against civil rights activists for participating in demonstrations. Federal District Court Judge Frank M. Johnson Jr. upheld the rights of the marchers â€Å"to petition ones government for the redress of grievances.† He explained that the law is clear that citizens have the right to protest, even in large groups. With federal troops standing guard, a group of 3,200 marchers began their walk from Selma to Montgomery on March 21. Four days later, they arrived at the state capitol in Montgomery where supporters had expanded the size of demonstrators to 25,000. The Impact of Bloody Sunday Footage of police attacking peaceful protesters shocked the country. But one of the protesters, John Lewis, went on to become a U.S. Congressman. Lewis is now considered a national hero. Lewis has discussed his role in the march and the attack on the protesters. His high-profile has kept the memory of that day alive. The march has also been reenacted several times. On the 50th anniversary of the incident that took place on March 7, 1965, President Barack Obama delivered an address on the Edmund Pettus Bridge about the horrors of Bloody Sunday and the courage of those brutalized: â€Å"We just need to open our eyes and ears, and hearts, to know that this nations racial history still casts its long shadow upon us. We know the march is not yet over, the race is not yet won, and that reaching that blessed destination where we are judged by the content of our character- requires admitting as much. President Barack Obama commemorates the 50th anniversary of Bloody Sunday in Selma. Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images President Obama also urged Congress to restore the Voting Rights Act, which first passed in 1965 in the wake of the national outrage about Bloody Sunday. But a 2013 Supreme Court decision, Shelby County vs. Holder, removed a major provision from the act. States with a history of racial discrimination related to voting no longer have to inform the federal government about changes they make to voting processes before enacting them. The 2016 election stood out as the first in 50 years without checks and balances in place to prevent discriminatory voting practices. A number of states have passed strict voter ID laws and other measures that disproportionately affect historically disenfranchised groups, like African Americans. And voter suppression has been cited for costing Stacey Abrams the Georgia gubernatorial race in 2018. Abrams would have been the first black woman governor of a U.S. state. Decades after Bloody Sunday occurred, voting rights remains a key issue in the United States. Sources â€Å"How We Can Restore the Voting Rights Act.† Brennan Center for Justice, 6 August, 2018. Taylor, Jessica. â€Å"Stacey Abrams Says She Was Almost Blocked From Voting in Georgia Election.† NPR, 20 November, 2018.Shelbayah, Slma, and Moni Basu. â€Å"Obama: Selma marchers gave courage to millions, inspired more change.† CNN, 7 March, 2015.

A Fast Food and Bakery Take-Away counter in Downtown, Mumbai Essay

A Fast Food and Bakery Take-Away counter in Downtown, Mumbai - Essay Example The initial setup of the bakery and fast food counter would be a small one to involve as little investment and risk as possible. The preliminary research has revealed that there are very few bakeries and fast food counters in the populated areas of Mumbai and hence, the competitive edge of the project would be its location inviting a lot of pedestrian traffic on a daily basis. The main customers of the counter would be office going youngsters and students who like mobile food and snacks and have a preference for Western origin food more than their local origins. The initial setup cost of the counter including the construction, rentals, machinery, raw material, etc. is around $ 76,000, which is an estimate calculated from the data of take away counters of similar capacity. An analysis of the location tells us that Mumbai is thickly populated with people belonging to all the backgrounds: Upper class, upper middle class, middle class, lower middle class, and the lower class. The main ta rget audience of the counter would be people belonging to middle class and the higher classes. Since Mumbai is densely populated with average income people, investing in a bakery that has numerous future prospects seems like an investment that is worthwhile. Another interesting factor is the change in the eating habits of people especially among the younger lot. They prefer fast food and snacks that they can eat while on the go. Hence, a take away counter for bakery items and fast food would definitely be a profitable venture. The Gantt chart of the project shows that it would take the counter approximately more than two months starting from research up until its launch. Project Description The outcome that the project would achieve is the setup of a take-away counter selling bakery and fast food items such as hot breads, rolls, cakes, burgers, sandwiches, pizzas, etc. The location of the counter would be in downtown Mumbai, India so that it gets a lot of foot traffic from the nearb y offices, schools, colleges, etc. The target market of the counter is young and middle-aged people working in offices or students who are constantly moving and need to eat outside their homes. As mentioned earlier, the eating habits of all younger generation are very different from the older lot, they prefer fast food and bakery items and thus, a counter catering to their needs would ensure lots of people coming during lunch and teatime hours. Another possible consumer base of the counter would be people with a sweet tooth and other who like to buy cakes and pastries for celebrations and religious festivals, which are abundant in India. The counter would host products such as pastries, custom made cakes, biscuits, mini muffins, etc. The counter would also place tables and chairs nearby so that consumers who want to sit can have their meals comfortably. The counter would have self-service. The packaging would be attractive and artistically done for takeaways and gifts. A study of th e market has provided that food business, specifically bakeries, fast food, and other similar outlets suffer less even in the time of recession. Another advantage with such counters is that they are easy to setup and not a lot of technical expertise is necessary. The overall business model of such ventures is pretty straight forward with a direct revenue model that does not have a lot of risk involved. The success of such a counter depends on the following factors: market need, taste and product quality. Mumbai is a metropolitan city with the people residing here belonging to all backgrounds and coming from all parts of India bringing in their own cultural heritage and taste. Here, the