Death of a Salesman Family Relationships Essay - 903 Words

Battle between Father and Son Family relationships always have a way of playing a key role for the duration of most literary pieces. According to Arthur Miller’s novel, Death of a Salesman, the interaction of Willy and his sons, Happy and Biff, shows that family ties usually are connected either physically or emotionally in some way or another. Willy Loman is just like every father in a father/son bond, yet all he wants is to be a part of his son’s life. Even though Biff and Happy admire and have so much love for their father when they are younger, later down the road when they are older suddenly they realize he had failed to prepare them for the real society in life. Many people would say that in the play that the father/son†¦show more content†¦All Willy really wants is to be a part of his son’s lives and, Miller shows this by the example of when in the play Biff comes home to recollect himself, Willy seems to think this as a failure because he would r ather see his eldest son be likely more successful rather than his youngest, Happy. Hereafter, Willy tries to take matter into his own hands, ‘I’ll get him a job selling, he could be big in no time’, he says to Linda (1215). Partially due to Willy’s consistency in Biff’s life conflicts start to erupt more partially to do with the fact being that they had different ideas of what the ‘American Dream† really is. With Biff believing that the most inspiring job to a man is working outdoors, his father disregarded by saying that working on the road selling was the greatest job a man could possibly have (1276). The boys are clearly not at all fully functioning adults because of their upbringing throughout their life. Another major issue in the play with the father/son relationship between Willy and his sons is the amount of love shown towards them. The continuous support from growing up had molded the Lomans into men who always fled back home whenever a problem approached. Biff says to Willy, ‘I never got anywhere because you blew me so full of hot air I could not stand taking orders from anybody!’ (1275). The Loman brothers were babied so much all through theirShow MoreRelatedAuthor Miller’s Death Of A Salesman: A Family’s Misguided Attempt At The American Dream 707 Words   |  3 Pages Death of a salesman is a two-act play set in the late 1940s. The death of a salesman is a tragic story of one family’s failed attempt to live the American dream. Majority of the action in the play takes place in the Loman’s home and yard. The Loman family consists of Wily, Linda and their two sons Biff and Happy. Overall I consider Death of A Salesman a fascinating Play. To begin with I found my self-having difficulty reading the play. I immediately began writing off the play as another story ofRead MoreLife of Pi1276 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The relationship between an individual and his or her society is responsible for the sacrifices he or she makes.† Discuss this statement making close reference to Death of a Salesman and American Beauty. Ideas and qualities of acceptable standards that is considered worthwhile in society, pressures the relationship between an individual and his or her society due to the risk of social rejection. By accepting these social norms the individual is forced into the pursuit of the American Dream ofRead MorePride in Macbeth and Death of a Salesman Essay example861 Words   |  4 PagesPride in Macbeth and Death of a Salesman Any great accomplishment can make someone feel proud about their work. It makes one feel good; it raises a persons spirits. No question, pride has its good points. (The Toronto Star, Nov 1999) Then again, there are also the bad points of pride one must consider, before being proud. Pride can deceive a person into being ambitious, and make them strive for something that is not rightfully theirs. Both Macbeth and Willy encountered this problem. Read MoreTaught Me Purple Literary Analysis945 Words   |  4 Pages Tragedies affect each and every family differently from the next. The way you respond to them and deal with them, paves the way for how relationships turn out. In the play Death of a Salesman, the real tragedy is the way Willy puts on a facade to his family, and to himself, regarding his success as a salesman. In the poem Taught Me Purple, the real tragedy is that the mother was able to teach the child many things, but could not teach some of the most important values in life, such as self respectRead MoreAnalysis Of Death Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1270 Words   |  6 PagesDeath of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller 1245 Words 5 Pages Death of A Salesman, written by Arthur Miller, is a play based on the turmoil within an average American family. Miller wrote Death of A Salesman easily showcasing the elements of drama. I was easily able to follow the plot, identify with his characters, and picture the setting. The main theme of the plot seemed to be Willy reaching for the American Dream. Financial success, business success, outwardly perfect family, revered by your peersRead MoreA Tragic Fate Caused by a Society Filled with Realism Essay1068 Words   |  5 Pagesetc. Death of a salesman is Arthur Millers most famous and notable play. It is a modern tragedy, the hero, Willy Loman is not grand and noble, but a common man, however, he is a symbol for Americans in the postwar period of growing wealth and affluence. Theatrical commentators generally hold that this play not only has high artistic value, but also has profound social significance. The American Great Depression in 1930s is the background of this play; the story is about a common salesman who committedRead MoreArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman1144 Words   |  5 Pages Arthur Miller: Death of a Salesman Life for many in America are missing the same elements that â€Å"Death of a Salesman† exposed. Those element are love and direction. Many people face these struggles at some point in their life, but don’t know what to do to progress. Arthur Miller devised a style whereby he could show how your past can continuously impact on your future. Each character highlights the powerlessness of a dream to give meaning and control to human life. I disagree with someRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play Death Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1612 Words   |  7 Pages Selling More Than Just Merchandise The play, Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller explores topics that are parallel to the lives of the common man. This makes his play relevant during many different eras, as the central issues discussed correlate with struggles of everyday common people, no matter at what point in history the play is shown. This makes his play very versatile in nature as it can be shown throughout the decades. His play can be considered a classic story; one that cannot be forgottenRead MoreDeath of Trust Essay1235 Words   |  5 PagesIn the classic American drama â€Å"Death of a Salesman,† Arthur Miller spins a profound and complex narrative around a deluded and shallow shell of a man. In a story overflowing with intimations about the nature and morality of man and the ramifications of mistruths and fantasy, there is one message easily held as predominant: that of Willy Loman’s futile pursuit of the American dream and the reality of its death within him—and the unfortunate sec tor of humanity that he embodies. This interpretationRead MoreThe Role Of Dreams In Death Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1472 Words   |  6 PagesIn Arthur Miller’s play, Death of a Salesman, Willy Loman is a salesman who wants to attain the American dream and struggles as a parent and in his career, which reflects an American tragedy. In the article about Arthur Miller, â€Å"Salem Witch Trials,† Miller was described to be a little like his character from Death of a Salesman, Willy, because they both had mistress’ and fame got in the way of their marriage (Abbotson). Miller was in the spotlight after Death of a Salesman came out and his wife, Mary

The Butler By Lee Daniel - 1654 Words

Lee Daniel’s The Butler, a 2013 historical drama, follows the life of a man born to slavery, finds love and has a son that fights for equal rights, fights for equal pay himself, then dies after Obama becomes president. Cecil Gaines is born to a time of slavery in 1919 in Georgia. In the beginning of the movie, Cecil’s mother is being taken and raped by the plantation owner. Cecil, clearly upset by the abrupt action looks to his father for a solution. Giving in to Cecil’s pleas, the father confronts the plantation owner and is shot and killed. Following the unfortunate series of events, the grandmother on the plantation takes Cecil under her wing. He is brought to the house and becomes a house servant. The widow educates the boy in serving and behaving properly in a house of white people. Years after starting, the boy leaves the plantation and his mother behind. Soon after, starvation gets the best of Cecil and he breaks into a pastry shop. The head slave to the o wners of the shop came rushing down to find Cecil consuming the pastries. This moment was a defining point for Cecil’s life. Instead of all the horrible things that could have been done to Cecil, he is offered a job to pay for the damages he caused. The teachings of that old widow certainly came in handy. The other servant even teaches Cecil to mix drinks and become a better server. The older servant also gives him a wonderful opportunity, to work for one of the larger hotels in Washington D.C. for very wealthyShow MoreRelatedLee Daniels The Butler3535 Words   |  15 PagesLee Daniels’ ‘The Butler’ is a biographical drama depicting the story of Cecil Gaines, a man who escaped a life of slavery and oppression to serve for eight presidents as a butler in the White House. The film focuses on African American historical events, with special concentration on the civil rights era. With the White House segments of the film starting in the oppressive Eisenhower years, it offers a presidential level insight into the historic freedom movements of the 1960’s, all the way throughRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Lee Daniels The Butler Essay1175 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction This family assessment is about the movie â€Å"Lee Daniels The Butler.† It will cover the various culture changes of the family. Each family member brings something different both culturally and socially. This assessment will discuss the similarities and differences in culture during the life span of Cecil Gaines. Description of Movie Family This movie is based on the life of Cecil Gaines. It starts when he was serving white people in the cotton fields at eight years old and continuesRead MoreThe Butler From The Weinstein Film Company Essay1800 Words   |  8 PagesDirector Lee Daniels’ movie, The Butler (2013), from the Weinstein film Company, is a historical film that portrays discrimination towards African Americans from early to mid 20th century America. Daniels displays within his film, the white governing society that subjugated African Americans in the United states, and how they were able to overcome this injustice. As the film progresses, it is perceived that many of the older African American generation were content with their current position withinRead More gods and generals Essay757 Words   |  4 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Gods and Generals, 2003, Colonel Joshua Chamberlain (JEFF DANIELS), Confederate Generals Robert E. Lee (ROBERT DUVALL), Thomas quot;Stonewallquot; Jackson (STEPHEN LANG), Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker (MAC BUTLER), and Capt. Alexander ‘Sandie’ Pendleton (JEREMY LONDON). The movie Gods and Generals is a portrayal of the actions that were illustrated very eloquently and captivatingly in the book Gods and Generals, written by Jeff Shaara. The movie even though was less thanRead MoreAbraham Lincoln And The Gettysburg Address1152 Words   |  5 Pageswas an industrialist, railroad executive and an inventor. Benjamin Butler, ben was also a lawyer and eventually a politician for the state of massachusetts. Daniel Sickles, he was a union general during the civil war as well as a controversial politician. George Meade, General George Gordon Meade was a civil engineer and an army officer before serving as a Union general during the Civil War. He was successful in defeating General Lee but was criticized for not pursuing the Confederate Army when inRead MoreOprah Winfrey s Influence On Law Enforcement And Schools Across The Country Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pagespast helped shape her into the influential person she is presently. According to achievement.org, the official website of a museum of living history in Washington D.C., Winfrey was born on January 29, 1954 in Kosciusko, Mississippi to mother, Vernita Lee and father Vernon Winfrey. Vernita was just a teenager when Oprah Winfrey was born. Winfrey was sexually abused by several of her mother’s friends and relatives while her mother was away working. The abuse lasted from ages nine to thirteen. When WinfreyRead MorePrecious Based on the Novel Push by Saphire Analysis1368 Words   |  6 PagesJaclyn Butler 04/24/2012 Intracultural Communications Professor Brook Film Analysis on 2009’s â€Å"Precious† Analyzing a dynamic film like the 2009 â€Å"Precious† is difficult. The movie got a lot of praise for the acting and the story that was portrayed but it also got a lot of heat from the race that was portrayed in the movie. African Americans nationwide said the movie made their African American ghettos into a sexually incest ridden, classless society and didn’t properly show any of the positiveRead MoreMovie Analysis : The 70s 1314 Words   |  6 Pageshe returned to TV, playing the pioneer of a publicizing office in â€Å"The Crazy Ones†; the show did well in the examinations, however was crossed out after appear season. He similarly played yet a substitute president, Dwight Eisenhower, in Lee Daniel s â€Å"The Butler†. On August 11, 2014, Robin Williams was found dead at his home in Tiburon, California USA, the setback of an obvious suicide, according to the Marin County Sheriff s Department. A 911 call was gotten at 11:55 AM PDT, firefighters and par amedicsRead MoreArguing a Position Essay2252 Words   |  10 PagesWeb. Oct. 2011. Petrocelli, Daniel, and Peter Knobler. Triumph of Justice: the Final Judgment on the Simpson Saga. New York: Crown, 1998. Print. Wright, Bruce. Black Robes, White Justice: [why Our Justice System Doesnt Work for Blacks]. Secaucus, NJ: Stuart, 1987. Print. Wright, Bruce. Black Robes, White Justice: [why Our Justice System Doesnt Work for Blacks]. Secaucus, NJ: Stuart, 1987. Print. Butler, Lynda Lee., and David Bearinger. The BillRead MoreThe Conflict On The Television Show Empire1470 Words   |  6 Pageswe will focus on the emotional aspect of control Luscious has on his workers. Last, I will discuss the power structure in which Luscious controls people. I want to begin with the background of Empire. The show was originally created by The Butler s Lee Daniels and Danny Strong. The show stars Terrence Howard as Lucious Lyon; a drug dealer-turned-rapper-turned-music mogul who, upon discovering he has a terminal illness, must decide which of his three sons will take over his company. The options are

European Colonization of the Americas Free Essays

In the early 1500s, the Spaniards were sent to colonize the New World, not hesitating in expanding to a much broader spectrum, even establishing a few â€Å"short-lived colonies† far up north in Florida. Since then, Mexico’s North and a few states of the United States’ South, have displayed differing characteristics from their respective countries. Woodard, an American journalist, and writer well known for American Nations argues that their â€Å"staggeringly remote location from the centers of the Spanish American civilization† triggered a disparity between their countries in terms of culture, resulting to a floating border. We will write a custom essay sample on European Colonization of the Americas or any similar topic only for you Order Now On a current note, over 400 years later after the Spanish conquest, said cultural disproportion between Mexico’s North and South has been further incited by the immigration flow from Mexico’s South to the US since the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement in 1994. The alienation subsequently created a floating border with hybrid zones and no well-established culture up North, where a mestizo culture established with both â€Å"Mexicanidad† and â€Å"American way of Life†. THE TWO REGIONS The North. Mexico’s North — constituted of Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leà ³n, and Tamaulipas — is characteristic to the term ‘floating border’ 1 presented by a renowned senior researcher of the Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales de la UNAM 2, Gilberto Gimà ©nez. As he reported, the Mexican-American border is a situated hybrid zone with no well-established culture, which is most often considered a ‘mestizo’ 2 region. As cities from both sides of the frontier seemed to develop in a twin pair scheme — McAllen-Reynosa or Laredo-Nuevo Laredo —, a new culture arises with both Mexican and American traits, subsequently alienating the North even further from the Mexican society. Through research carried out by the UNAM where Southerners were asked to present their view of the North, many of the respondents viewed it with fascination and attraction as it had an ‘American Way of Life’ — such mindset being further denominated by researchers as the â€Å"tropism of the North† 3. On the other hand, natives of the Anglo-American communities within the Southern states of the United States often perceive the North as a â€Å"latin reconquest† figuring a true foreign invasion. These conclusions have significant applications in the distinctiveness of the North since the implementation of NAFTA, as they portray the preferability coming from the Mexican Southerners but the hostility of the Americans. The South. Due to the regional disparity in the Mexican labor markets, poverty, and education, the implementation of NAFTA was felt inconsistently through the country. Such effects contributing to an increase of the Mexican immigrant population in the U.S. between 1990 and 2005. (Perreira 2011). The ramifications were mostly present in rural, agricultural areas of the Mexican South where the decrease in wages for poverty-stricken regions incited the migration to the North in search of fair wages and a glimpse of the ‘American Dream’. Various Southern states such as Chiapas, Oaxaca, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Yucatà ¡n, and Guerrero, did not have a favorable outcome within the terms of NAFTA. Correspondingly, Southerners migrated to the Mexican-American border contributing to the hybridization of the North with folklore and traditions of their parting regions. EFFECTS OF NAFTA Immigration ; Migration. During the 1990s, as explained by Mexican Families in North Carolina, an article published by the University of North Carolina and written by Krista M. Perreira, NAFTA strongly influenced the privatization of the Mexican ejido system on agricultural based areas of Southern Mexico. As a result, Southerners migrated towards the North in search of a sustainable lifestyle and supply for their families. Norma Ojeda, Professor of the Sociology Department at the San Diego State University, describes how migration flow subsequently changed the cultures of both their parting and arriving communities as farmers, professionals, technicians, and businessmen migrated up North taking within them Southern traditions and behavior. For instance Americanization. The American culture referenced by Maitane Zuloaga, a graduate student from I.T.E.S.M. University Monterrey, as ‘pop culture’ 4, significantly influenced the cultural mindset and cultural industries 5 within the Mexican society. In her paper, Zuloaga argues that Mexico derives from a dual society where the developed communities live side by side with the underdeveloped regions making it difficult to understand the cultural lifestyle of the country. The Mexican culture is characterized by its diverse nature; however, as soon as NAFTA was implemented in the early months of 1994, â€Å"a wave of major cultural industry changes in Mexico were underway† (Zuloaga 2001). The author maintains that the treaty fomented a rise in the demand for American products — T.V shows, radio, clothes, food, music, and movies — as it brought to Mexico numerous U.S. goods with minimal to no supplementary tariffs. Consequently, the demand for cultural products increased, creating a much more competitive ground for national cultural entities. For instance, Mexican conglomerates of television were heavily impacted by Americanization as the Mexican government presented no previous request for a cultural exemption clause which would â€Å"exclude its cultural activities in order to be in a better position to protect† (Zuloaga 2001). By these means, the U.S. had the liberty to incite cultural trends within Mexico with no repercussion. A survey taken from the research of Josà © Carlos Lozano, a recognized Level II member of SNI 6, notices the effect as citizens of Mexico City, Guadalajara, and Monterrey favored American films, sports, and soap operas over Mexican items (Lozano 2006). Due to the geographical closeness of the North to the U.S., the Northern states were impacted by a much stronger wave of Americanization than those of the South; nonetheless, major Southern cities like Guadalajara and Mexico City were considerably impacted due to their strong economic development. How to cite European Colonization of the Americas, Papers

Issue in Children Learning in Australia-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Question: Write a report on a current issue affecting children's learning and development in Australia primary school. Answer: Introduction The current assignment focuses on the different contemporary factors which affect the learning and development of the Australian children within a primary school setting. The contemporary issues can be defined as a present day topic, idea, opinion or practise which has a profound effect on the process of teaching and learning. For the current assignment societal and other dominant contemporary issues have been taken into considerations which have a serious impact on the development. The assignment particularly focuses on the concept of bullying in schools which particularly affects the psychology and the mind of the children. Issue and supporting theories In the current assignment the aspect of bullying had been chosen as one of the contemporary issues which produce serious consequences in the learning and development processes of an individual. As commented by Newton et al. (2014), bullying can have negative consequences on the development and learning process within a school. The present context measures the effect of bullying within a primary school setting. Some of the adverse effects of the phenomenon are increased risk of depression and anxiety in the child. As commented by Fan et al. (2016), bullying can result in withdrawal symptoms where the child may feel less connected with the learning environment. As per the National centre for educational statistics (2016), one out of every five children reports being bullied. The Bronfenbenners ecological theory could be used in order to analyse the effect of the macro and the micro environments on the learning and development of children in a primary school setting (Mansfield Beltman, 2014). The theory could be divided into five major components such as microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem and macrosystem. The microsystem is the one closest to the individual such as home, school and workplace. Thus, any disruption within the school environment can have a profound effect on the mind of a child. The mesosystem depicts the relationship between different Microsystems to which the individual is exposed. The exosystem refers to the components which have no direct relation with the subject but can have serious consequences on the health of an individual. As mentioned by Basford Bath (2014), the bystanders of bullying can also feel withdrawn from the school and learning environment. The macrosystem covers the cultural and political aspects which have a direct ef fect on the learning and developmental needs of the child. Figure1: Bronfenbenners ecological theory (Source: Mansfield Beltman, 2014) Rationale supporting understanding of the situation by the teachers The sufficient amount of participation from the teachers in the learning and the development of a child can have a profound effect. As mentioned by Paliadelis et al.( 2015), generating sufficient amount of awareness in the teacher regrading the micro and the meso environments which can impact the development of the children can be instrumental. Bullying is one of the pre-dominant social evils affecting the learning needs of the children within a primary school setting. Recent developments within education policies and the legal framework accommodates for the implementation of the Emergency and Security Management Unit (ESMU). The implementation of such systems helps in controlling the amount of such untoward incidents in school. The ESMU acts as a single reference point for assisting in responding to settling down of emergency issues. As mentioned by Dinham (2015), the teachers can use specific tool for the reporting of such critical incidents in school which is further shared with the National centre for Education statistics (2016). This helps in provision of quick responses and appropriate measures being taken for the rederessal of the concerns. The teacher could use a number of theories within the classroom environment for enhancing the learning and developmental process of the children. In this respect, Gardners multiple intelligence theory could be used by the teacher within the school environment. The theory could be divided into seven different parameters which have an effect on the learning of the children. The parameters have been expanded below such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, visual-spatial, body-kinaesthetic, musical-rhythmic, intrapersonal and interpersonal factors. The intrapersonal and the interpersonal factors are particularly important for the purpose of understanding the grievances faced by the child. The interpersonal factors comprises of the communication aspect and the development of healthy relationships with the co-students. However, as argued by Eleftheriadou et al. (2013), in the context of bullying the child feels little attraction for the schools and has little or no bonding with his fellow classmates. The intrapersonal factor consists of a state of understanding ones own emotions and presence of sufficient motivation within the child (Brten et al. 2017). In the context of primary or school children application of the theories are faced with several challenges. The children of such ages have an impressionate mind and are easily affected by negative forces. Therefore, the teachers can inculcate such measures within the classroom to access the behaviour change in the students. Figure2: Gardners multiple intelligence theory (Source: Adcock, 2014) Discussion of key points The involvement of the teachers in responding to the bullying incidents within the school environment can have positive consequences in down regulating the occurrence of such incidents. Out of 64 % students bullied only 36% reported the same, due to fear of being tormented any further (Spurling, 2017). The effects of such negative forces on the minds of children are disputable and can vary in consequences. Sometimes the consequences can be severe such that forcing a child to commit suicide. Therefore an effective measurement and assessment system needs to be implemented within the learning environment which would help in reducing the chances of such incidents. Apart from bullying in school, the children could also be exposed to a number of disruptive features within their meso environment, which can have serious consequences upon their mental health and development. Thus, some of the effective measures which could be implemented over here are organising regular meetings with the parents of the school children. This helps in the establishment of an open channel of communication between the children, their respective guardians and the school. As mentioned by Lee et al.(2015), implementation of additional features such as the installation of CCTV cameras which are connected with the staff room can act as precautionary measures. Factors contributing to the issue There are a number of factors which can act as direct or indirect contributing factors promulgating developmentally unfavourable environment in school. Some of the factors which form the basis of such bullying in school are gender, race, class, ethnicity and socio-economic status of an individual. As commented by Sumsion et al. (2014), race, ethnicity and socio-economic status of an individual can act as some of the major forms of discrimination. This could be attributed to difference in cultural beliefs along with language barriers. Out of the 71 % of the Australian school enrolments, 21 % have been found to belong to different nationalities (Spurling, 2017). This often results in communication gaps within the school premises, where the children coming from varied geospatial regions are seen as intruders and not one among the few. Additionally, detailed report and analysis have pointed out that every year 0.5 % of the children belonging to the Australian aboriginal and Torres islander drop out of school due to increased rates of discrimination. As per the Australian Psychological society, 65% the bullying behaviour is mostly depicted by individuals who have had previous experiences of being bullied. Additionally, encouragement in any form by the bystanders who support the bullying behaviour can also have a profound effect on the learning and development environment. As commented by Lynch Redpath (2014), such dominating feelings within an individual are often generated due to greater emotional instability and unrest that an individual may be subjected to. Theoretical approaches A number of theoretical approaches may be implemented for the purpose of providing effective counselling or emotional support to the ones experiencing bullying in schools and colleges. The target population being primary school children implementation of person centred approach could help in catering to the care requirements. The person centred approach helps the teachers in applying empathy, love and care for understanding the mental dilemmas faced by the children. Additionally, the implementation of the psychodynamic theory allows the counsellor to evaluate the past and childhood experiences of the child, which plays a critical role in shaping the future behaviour of the child. As commented by Tanrikulu Campbell (2015), the application of the theory is based upon the development of a strong relationship between the student and the attending teacher or counsellor. This is particularly useful in understanding the effect of independent events in the mind of a child. The events may develop into future insecurities and anxieties within the child and further shape the behaviour and development of the child. As commented by Tanrikulu Campbell (2015), application of the transactional theory which amalgamates the humanistic, cognitive behavioural and psychodynamic theory can help in bringing about positive behavioural changes within an individual. As commented by Karimi et al.(2014), parental counselling can also act as an important measure preventing the development of negative feelings within a child. Potential effects of the issue of bullying on learning and development Bullying can have a number of effects on the learning and development of a child. The bullying could be divided into several types such as cyber bullying, physical bullying, verbal bullying, and relational bullying being some of the few. Sometimes such power play and depiction of a strong commanding behaviour can lead to severe consequences in the development of a child. The physical bullying can be defined in the form of hard push or pull or intentionally hurting someone. As commented by Kaiser (2016), such incidents can lead to development of extreme fear and anxiety within the children. This can have a profound effect on the learning and development of the child. Moreover, the deep rooted fear can also affect the cognition and learning power of an individual. The mental bullying has similar consequences and is much fatal in nature, where the decision making power of an individual is often lost. In the context, of the primary school environment the children project a very impressionate mind. Therefore, presentation of false facts and myths to a child can make him distressed, uncanny, irrational. As mentioned by Kwan et al. (2013), extreme cases often results in development of submissive or defensive behaviour in the child. On the contrary, relational bullying can also be mentioned over here where the development of power play or dominating behaviour in an individual often goes unnoticed. This is particularly observed in case of children who have siblings and often display a commanding attitude over them. As mentioned by Healy et al.(2015), parental counselling can play an effective role in checking the progression of such behaviour in the child. Reports and evidences have suggested that increased risk of relational aggression have been found to be associated with early dropouts from school and inclination to abusive substances within a youth or a growing up child. Some of these events results in the development of a number of a plethora of events or changes within the growth and behaviour of a child. As commented by Kaiser (2016), some of these might develop into serious mental illnesses within an individual. The children may portray increased risk of depression and anxiety. The depressive feelings can further affect the learning patterns of an individual. Moreover, changes in sleeping patterns along with increased feelings of sadness and loneliness have been reported in the children facing such bullying activities in school. Some of them have reported detachment from parents and their favourite hobby or activities. As commented by Healy et al (2015), comparatively low levels of psychological well being and social intermixing have been reported in the children with past history of abuses or victimization. Additionally, such incidents can also affect the learning patterns and progression of the child. Thus, some of these might be reflected as consistently low grades of the children, disinterest to learn along with low self esteem. Some of these can have long term effect on the physical and mental well being of the child. Recommendations A number of suitable methods could be suggested for coping up with the contemporary issues of bullying faced within the Australian primary school scenario. Some of these are implementation of effective measures such as emergency and security management unit. The ESMU helps in the prevention of untoward incidents within a learning environment. Additionally, implementation of CCTV cameras can also help in checking incidents of physical and mental bullying. The application of effective counselling sessions and theoretical approaches can further help in analysing the current situation and providing effective measures. Some of the measures such as the transactional theory and the psychodynamic approaches help in the evaluation of the current behaviour patterns depicted by both the bullied and the bully. Additionally, involvement of parents within the counselling process can help in supporting the child care needs. Conclusion The assignment focuses on the concept of contemporary issues and their effects upon learning and development. For the current assignment we have taken into consideration the aspect of child learning and development. Therefore, a number of theories and approaches have been focussed upon in the present model which includes Bonfenbrenners ecological theory along with the Gardners multiples intelligences theory. The theories and the approaches help in the evaluation of the different factors including the growth and the development environment of the child, which have a profound effect on the learning. The inculcation of precautionary measures such as ESMU along with greater involvement of the parents and the teachers can help redressing the care concerns of the child. References Adcock, P. K. (2014). 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